S. No | Parameter | Input (ppb/ppm) | Output (ppb/ppm) | % Reduction | Max Allowable (ppb/ppm) | Standard |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Total Chromium as Cr | 282 ppb | BDL<20 ppb | >92.90% | 50 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
2 | Copper as Cu | 2740 ppb | BDL<20 ppb | >99.27% | 50 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
3 | Arsenic as As | 47 ppb | 3.0 ppb | 93.61% | 10 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
4 | Cadmium as Cd | 30.8 ppb | 7.0 ppb | 77.27% | 3 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
5 | Mercury as Hg | 5.5 ppb | BDL<1 ppb | >82% | 1 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
6 | Aluminium as Al | 109 ppb | 28 ppb | 74.31% | 30 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
7 | Barium as Ba | 9307 ppb | BDL<500 ppb | >94.62% | 700 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
8 | Nickel as Ni | 94 ppb | BDL<20 ppb | >78.72% | 20 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
9 | Iron as Fe | 3200 ppb | BDL<100 ppb | >96.87% | 1000 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
10 | Silver as Ag | 95 ppb | BDL<10 ppb | >89.47% | 100 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
11 | Lead as Pb | 161 ppb | 26 ppb | 83.85% | 10 ppb | IS10500:2023 |
12 | Zinc as Zn | 95 ppb | BDL<50 ppb | >95% | 10 ppm | IS10500:2023 |
13 | Fluoride as F | 2 ppm | 0.55 ppm | 75.23% | 1.0 ppm | IS10500:2023 |
14 | Chloramine as Cl2 | 3.6 ppm | <0.1 ppm | >97.22% | 0.5 ppm | NSF/ANSI 42 |
15 | Chlorine as Cl2 | 2 ppm | <0.1 ppm | >95.0% | Min. 50% reduction | NSF/ANSI 42 |
16 | Aldrin | 0.247 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.95% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
17 | Dieldrin | 0.242 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.87% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
18 | Alpha-HCH | 0.252 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.03% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
19 | Beta-HCH | 0.242 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.87% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
20 | Gamma-HCH | 0.261 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.17% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
21 | Delta-HCH | 0.25 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.00% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
22 | Chlorpyrifos | 0.242 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.87% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
23 | DDE-op | 0.255 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.08% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
24 | DDE-pp | 0.264 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.21% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
25 | DDD-op | 0.252 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.03% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
26 | DDD-pp | 0.25 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.00% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
27 | Endrin | 0.25 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.00% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
28 | DDT-pp | 0.25 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.00% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
29 | Endosulphan-Alpha | 0.261 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.17% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
30 | Endosulphan-Beta | 0.245 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.92% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
31 | Endosulphan Sulphate | 0.24 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.83% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
32 | Parathion Methyl | 0.261 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.17% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
33 | Phorate | 0.242 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.87% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
34 | Atrazine | 0.263 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.20% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
35 | 2,4-D | 0.261 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.17% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
36 | Ethion | 0.258 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.12% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
37 | Isoproturon | 0.246 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.93% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
38 | Malathion | 0.245 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.92% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
39 | Methyl Parathion | 0.261 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >96.17% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
40 | Monocrotophos | 0.331 ppb | ND<0.01 ppb | >95.95% | 0.1 ppb | IS16240:2023 |
41 | Alachlor | 0.05 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >98% | 0.002 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
42 | Atrazine | 0.1 ppm | ND<0.003 ppm | >97% | 0.003 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
43 | Benzene | 0.081 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
44 | Carbofuran | 0.19 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.04 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
45 | Carbon Tetrachloride | 0.078 ppm | ND<0.0018 ppm | >98% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
46 | Chlorobenzene | 0.077 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
47 | Chloropicrin | 0.015 ppm | ND<0.0002 ppm | >99% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
48 | 2,4-D | 0.11 ppm | ND<0.0017 ppm | >98% | 0.07 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
49 | Dibromochloropropane | 0.052 ppm | ND<0.00002 ppm | >99% | 0.0002 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
50 | o-Dichlorobenzene | 0.08 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.6 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
51 | p-Dichlorobenzene | 0.04 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >98% | 0.075 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
52 | 1,2-Dichloroethane | 0.088 ppm | ND<0.0048 ppm | 95% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
53 | 1,1-Dichloroethylene | 0.083 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.007 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
54 | cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 0.170 ppm | ND<0.0005 ppm | >99% | 0.07 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
55 | trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 0.086 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
56 | 1,2-Dichloropropane | 0.080 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
57 | cis-1,3-Dichloropropylene | 0.079 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
58 | Dinoseb | 0.170 ppm | ND<0.0002 ppm | 99% | 0.007 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
59 | Endrin | 0.053 ppm | ND<0.00059 ppm | 99% | 0.002 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
60 | Ethylbenzene | 0.088 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
61 | Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) | 0.044 ppm | ND<0.00002 ppm | >99% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
62 | Haloacetonitriles (HAN) | - | ND<0.001 ppm | 98% | 1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
63 | Bromochloroacetonitrile | 0.022 ppm | ND<0.0005 ppm | 98% | 0.05 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
64 | Dibromoacetonitrile | 0.024 ppm | ND<0.0006 ppm | 98% | 0.05 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
65 | Dichloroacetonitrile | 0.0096 ppm | ND<0.0002 ppm | 98% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
66 | Trichloroacetonitrile | 0.015 ppm | ND<0.0003 ppm | 98% | 0.07 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
67 | Haloketones (HK) | - | ND<0.0001 ppm | 99% | 0.2 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
68 | Heptachlor | 0.025 ppm | ND<0.00001 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
69 | Heptachlor Epoxide | 0.01076 ppm | ND<0.0002 ppm | 98% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
70 | Hexachlorobutadiene | 0.044 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >98% | 0.080 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
71 | Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 0.060 ppm | ND<0.000002 ppm | >99% | 10 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
72 | Lindane | 0.055 ppm | ND<0.00001 ppm | >99% | 0.1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
73 | Methoxychlor | 0.050 ppm | ND<0.0001 ppm | >99% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
74 | Pentachlorophenol | 0.096 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
75 | Simazine | 0.120 ppm | ND<0.004 ppm | >97% | 1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
76 | Styrene | 0.150 ppm | ND<0.0005 ppm | >99% | 0.1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
77 | 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane | 0.081 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
78 | Tetrachloroethylene | 0.081 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
79 | Toluene | 0.078 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 1 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
80 | 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) | 0.270 ppm | ND<0.0016 ppm | 99% | 0.05 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
81 | Tribromoacetic Acid | 0.042 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >98% | - | NSF/ANSI 53 |
82 | 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 0.160 ppm | ND<0.0005 ppm | >99% | 0.07 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
83 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 0.084 ppm | ND<0.0046 ppm | 95% | 0.2 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
84 | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 0.150 ppm | ND<0.0005 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
85 | Trichloroethylene | 0.180 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 0.005 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
86 | Trihalomethanes | 0.300 ppm | ND<0.015 ppm | 95% | 0.080 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
87 | Xylenes (Total) | 0.070 ppm | ND<0.001 ppm | >99% | 10 ppm | NSF/ANSI 53 |
Test Water: TDS: 250-300 ppm, pH: 7.2 to 7.6, Turbidity: <1 NTU
Various chemical salts were used to adjust the required input water contaminant concentration. A single cartridge was fitted in the filter, and 50L of water was filtered during testing. The filtered water and input water were analyzed using IS/APHA/USEPA methods as applicable.
Test Conditions
Observations and Inference
The tested gravity filter equipped with HMR cartridges demonstrated excellent performance, effectively reducing a range of chemical contaminants, including regulated metals, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The reduction levels achieved were in compliance with both national and international standards, ranging from 74% to 99%.
Methodology
Preparation:
Test Procedure:
Operational Conditions:
Analysis:
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